Burmese is known as a Sino-Tibetan language. It is the native language of Myanmar, which used to be called Burma. It is a southeast Asian country that is home to the Bamar people, who are primarily the ones that speak Burmese. Myanmar has over 30 million people who speak Burmese as a first language and 10 million people who speak it as a second language.
There are three primary tones in the Burmese language, which are low, medium and high tones. Burmese words do not identify gender or tense the way English words do. Several of the Burmese words are loan words from Hindi and English. However, Burmese is a quite a distinct language from English and Hindi, so you probably won’t understand much of it if you’ve never studied the language before.
The history of the Burmese language dates as far back as the 11th century A.D. Between the 11th century and 16th century, the kingdoms of the area spoke in Old Burmese. This was the earliest form of the language. Then, between the 16th century and 18th century, the language evolved into Middle Burmese.
After the 18th century, the language was modified to Modern Burmese. That is what the people of the region speak today. Much of the vocabulary and sentence structure of Burmese has stayed the same throughout the centuries. So, it is easy for Modern Burmese speakers to read ancient Burma texts and understand their meaning.
Dialects
One of the biggest rivers in Myanmar is the Irrawaddy River. It is a commercial waterway, which means a lot of people live near the river for food and employment. Most of the Burmese speakers in the country reside all over the Irrawaddy River Valley. Their primary dialect is the Mandalay dialect. If someone can learn this dialect, then it will be easy for them to understand some of the other dialects of Burmese.
The main dialects of Burmese include Palaw, Merguese and Tavoyan of the Tanintharyi Region. You also have Yaw of the Magway region and Danu, Intha, Taungyo in Shan State. Most of these dialects have the same tones, written script and consonant clusters. But their differences include their rhymes, vocabulary and lexical particles.
Syntax
The Burmese language keeps the word order in subject, object, and verb. Gender is not identified in nouns and verbs don’t get conjugated. For instance, if you want to say “to eat,” you would simply use the word “sa.” Burmese is what is known as a monosyllabic language, which means that each of the words are root words. Their particles can be prefixed rather than another word.
The pronouns of Burmese are rather complex. The pronouns you use really depend on your audience. For instance, if you talk to someone on the street or in an urban setting, the I/me pronoun would be “ngha.” But if you’re talking to a male or female in a rural setting, you would say “kanuo” to a male and “kamya” to a female. And if you’re speaking to a monk, the I/me pronoun is “pounpoun.”
It is difficult to find an interpreter of the Burmese language, but they are out there. Burmese is still a rare language outside of Myanmar, so any international person doing business in the country probably won’t have any knowledge of the language. That is why interpreter services are needed in these types of situations.
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